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Glossary of Terms

ACCESS 2.0  is a secure large-scale English language proficiency assessment administered to Kindergarten through 12th grade students who have been identified as English language learners (ELLs). 

Accommodations - a change in how the student learns.  

Affective Filter - the term Stephen Krashen has used to refer to the complex of negative emotional and motivational factors that may interfere with the reception and processing of comprehensible input. Such factors include: anxiety, self-consciousness, boredom, annoyance, alienation, and so forth. 

Asylee - a person who, from fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, social group, or political opinion, has crossed an international frontier into a country in which he or she hopes to be granted refugee status.

BICS - Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills - language skills needed to interact in social situations

Bilingual - the ability to speak two languages

Bi-literate - the ability to read and write two languages

CALP - Cognitive academic language proficiency - is a language-related term which refers to formal academic learning 

Comprehensible input is language input that can be understood by listeners despite them not understanding all the words and structures in it. It is described as one level above that of the learners if it can only just be understood.

EL – English Learner

ELD - English Language Development

ESOL – English for Speakers of Other Languages

ESOL Center - A school in the district that offers direct ESOL instruction.  Students whose families waive ESOL services may not attend an ESOL center and will not receive direct ESOL instruction.  Students at non-ESOL-centers are still entitled to instrucational and assessment accommodations.

Family Reunification - the reunification of family members after an extended separation.

Home Language - home language is the language (or the variety of a language) that is most commonly spoken by the members of a family for everyday interactions at home

Immigrant a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign countr

Interpretation - is oral translation of speech or sign from a language into another. y

Language proficiency  is the ability of an individual to speak or perform in an acquired language.

Linguistically and culturally diverse diverse is a broad and inclusive descriptor for communities with diverse language, ethnic background, nationality, dress, traditions, food, societal structures, art and religion characteristics.

L1 - students home/native language

L2 - a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.

Long term EL  is a formal educational classification given to students who have been enrolled in American schools for more than six years, who are not progressing toward English proficiency, and who are struggling academically due to their limited English skills.

Native Language -thlanguagea person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period, or that a person speaks the best and so is often the basis for sociolinguistic identity 

Newcomer - a student who has recently arrived to the U.S. AND who has limited formal or interrupted formal schooling. 

Refugee - a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

REL – Reclassified English Learner

SIFE (Students with Interrupted Formal Education) - students who enter school in the U.S. from a non-English speaking country at least two grades behind their expected chronological age or who function academically at least two years below their expected chronological grade.

SIOP - Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol

Translation -transforming the source text into a comprehensible and equivalent target text.

W-APT It is an English language proficiency "screener" test given to incoming students who may be designated as English language learners.

WIDA - an English Language assessment given to English Learners on an annual basis.